Current issues application and practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Current issues application and practice - Essay Example Agriculture is very important in the economy of a country especially among developing countries like the Philippines. It provides food for the nation’s inhabitants. It supplies the raw materials needed by the other sectors of the economy such as the manufacturing, trading and services sectors. Agricultural products are an important source of exports for the country. It also generates employment especially among those living in the rural areas. Approximately 30 million hectares or 40 percent of the total land area of the country is classified as farm lands. The country is composed of 7,107 islands with a total coastline of about 18,000 kilometers and which boast of bountiful fishing areas. Farming and fishing are major sources of livelihood for most people in the rural areas. The food crops produced by the farm lands are used for local consumption while some crops are exported. One then wonders why inspire of the rich natural resources of the country it has remained to be a Thi rd World country. The answer is simple. There is not enough government support being given to the industry. Without the necessary government initiatives to improve the agricultural sector, one cannot expect the industry to grow. The people who rely on agriculture are not given the opportunity to raise their income; thus, pushing the economy downwards. To determine the impact of agriculture in the Philippine economy, recent developments in the industry must be examined. In 2010, despite having vast agricultural lands and an ideal geographical location, the agriculture and fishery sector contributed only17 percent to the gross domestic product of the Philippines, a .34 percent decline from the previous year (Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS), 2011). Compared to last year’s level, the gross value of agricultural output rose by 15.97 percent to P706.4 billion at current prices. The BAS also reported that of the country’s total labor force of 38.89 million, about 11.9 6 million persons or 33 percent were employed in the agriculture sector. During the first half of 2010, the daily nominal wages of workers in palay farms in Philippine pesos was P227.23 while those in corn farms earned P175.25. In terms of support services, government expenditures in agriculture amounted to P89.22 billion or six percent of the national expenditures, which represents an increase of 9.58 percent from last year. In the case of irrigation, only 49 percent of the total potential irrigable area is irrigated. The production performance of the agricultural sector in 2010 showed that output of palay and corn dropped by 3.04 percent and 9.34 percent, respectively. Coconut production registered a loss of one percent in the same way as sugarcane also recorded a loss of 21.82 percent. On the contrary, production output for mango, tobacco, onion, cabbage and eggplant grew by more than three percent (BAS, 2011). While agricultural products did not show remarkable improvements, the livestock production went the opposite direction (BAS, 2011). Carabao production increased by 5.05 percent, cattle at 2.71 percent, hog at 1.11 percent and goat at 1.38 percent. Likewise, production of dairy products grew by 11.14 percent. Chicken meat production increased by 4.01 percent and chicken eggs grew by 5.12 percent. Among the major livestock products only duck meat and duck egg production declined by 8.24 percent and 7.44 percent, respect

Tharsymachus View of Justice in The Republic Essay

Tharsymachus View of Justice in The Republic - Essay Example Philosophy started and developed in ancient Greece. The development and advancement achieved in the field of philosophy by Greeks is amazing. There are many great names in this field but three names standout. All of these three great sages are connected with each other as teacher and student. Socrates was the teacher of Plato and Plato the teacher of Aristotle. Socrates did not write anything. His able student Plato wrote the ideas of Socrates in his famous book â€Å"The Republic†. The book starts with the discussion of the effects of old age and how people feel. From this point the discussion moves on to the idea of justice. At first the idea of justice is equated with honesty. This idea is rejected by Socrates on the ground that it is impossible to be just and honest at the same time. The idea is further discussed and Polemarchus states that justice is helping friends and harming enemies but this argument is rejected on the basis that a good person can do no harm to anyone. This definition is partly accepted as it is right to help friends. After rejecting the above mentioned definitions of justice Thrasymachus is very much annoyed. According to him Socrates is not answering any question and only posing questions. This is easy but the real task is to answer the question. Socrates defends his position by stating that since he does not know therefore it is difficult for him to answer and only with the help of learned people like Thrasymachus the answer to the question may be given. Thrasymachus is represented as a Sophist and in typical Sophist’s style he asks for money. Sophists were the first who charged money for education and they were the teachers who used to teach philosophy and rhetoric to young Greeks. Thrasymachus also wants money for his answer as he states that he can answer the question. The whole company along with Socrates pleads Thrasymachus to state the definition of justice and not worry about money. Thrasymachus states that justi ce is that which serves the interests of the stronger. Socrates finds the definition unclear and therefore he asks questions from Thrasymachus. In order to make the point clear, Thrasymachus states that there are different forms of governments i.e. aristocracy, democracy and tyranny. There are different laws governing these states and in all of them it is just to abide by these laws and unjust to break them. Since laws are made by rulers keeping in view their own interests therefore laws are for the interest of the rulers. From this it is obvious that justice is the interest of the strong. Everyone acts for one’s own benefit and therefore it is natural that strong will act for his own interest. Since government is the strongest of all therefore whatever it makes it will be for the betterment of government. For Thrasymachus here government is equal to strong therefore he believes that justice is the interest of the strong. Superficially this definition seems to be right as wha tever a person does it seems just and right to him therefore he is acting in that particular manner but this is very weak and unrealistic approach to define justice. The objection on this argument came from Socrates. He contends that it is possible for rulers to make error therefore it is also possible that the laws made by them may not always be in the favor of strong. Unintentionally the strong can make laws in the interest of weak. This is possible due to faulty thinking of strong. Thrasymachus rejects this by stating that he considers ruler in perfect state. If ruler is making mistake then he is no more ruler. By stating this Thrasymachus again repeats his view that justice is for the interest of strong. For him the ruler is in perfect state and he cannot make mistake. Whatever law such perfect ruler will make it will be for his interest therefore justice will serve the interest of the strong. At this point the position of Thrasymachus looks strong and clear. He seems to